Taraxacum is thought to originate from the Arabic name for the dandelion 'tarachakum' (meaning wild cherry), 'tarakhshaqun' (meaning wild chicory), 'tharachschakuh', 'talkh chakok' or 'tarashqun' meaning 'bitter herb' ( Dwyer, 1977 Jenniskens, 1984 Mitich, 1989). (1997), Jenniskens (1984) and Mitich (1989) have reviewed possible sources.
The origin of the name Taraxacum is uncertain but Holm et al. officinale complex' to represent the aggregate weedy group for practical purposes (van Baarlen et al., 2000 USDA-ARS, 2004). officinale to describe weedy races of Taraxacum, the name will be used here as 'T. It may be considered unnecessary to provide a binomial at this rank ( Richards, 1985 Kirschner and Stepanek, 1997), but due to the prior frequent use of T. Most introduced weeds are species classified within section Ruderalia Kirschner, Ollgaard & Stepanek, and to a lesser extent sections Erythrosperma (H. Due to taxonomic complexities, taxa of higher rank have been designated as sections ( Richards, 1985 Kirschner and Stepanek, 1997) and there has been much discussion as to whether sections can be equated to macro-species ( Dickinson, 1998 Kirschner 1998). There is no evidence that agamospermous species show differential behaviour as weeds outside their native range. In many tropical and warm temperate regions where Eurasian agamospermous species have been introduced and can be weedy, they adopt unfamiliar phenotypes and are not readily identified. vulgare, too, is based) has now been typified by a Linnean specimen from northern Sweden representing a localized agamospermous taxon ( Richards, 1985). officinale, which is based on Leontodon taraxacum (and on which T. vulgare' have usually been used in a sense which is synonymous with much of the genus. Sexual diploids are recognized by taxa of a wider scope, but most are localized species of semi-natural habitats and are rarely weedy (except perhaps in lowland south-central Europe). A number of these asexual polyploids occur as weeds through much of the world.
More than 90% concern agamospermous races which reproduce by seed asexually, forming a large number of invariable mother-daughter lines which can be recognized as species. More than 2500 specific epithets have been described for Taraxacum. Taraxacum officinale complex Weber ex Wigg.īitterwort blowball cankerwort clock common dandelion crowparsnip dandelion dindle face clock fortune-teller golden milk grunsel heart-fever grass horse-gowan Irish daisy milk witch milk-gowan monk's head peasant's cloak priest's crown schoolboy clock stink davie swine's snout telltime time-table wishes witch-gowan yellow-gowanĪchicoria silvestre anagrón diente de leon diente-de-lion taraxacon taraxaconĬoq dent-de-lion dent-de-lion commun florion d'or laitron pissenlit pissenlit pissenlit officinalĬapo dè fratre dente di leone piscacane radichiella soffione tarassaco.
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